Light Art: LEDs, Pixels & Persistence of Vision

Tiny lights, infinite art

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RGB: Three Colors Make Them All

Every color on your screen is made from just three LEDs: red, green, and blue. Adjust each slider to mix any color.

255
100
50

rgb(255, 100, 50) = warm orange

Red + Green = Yellow. Red + Blue = Magenta. Green + Blue = Cyan. All three = White.
This is additive color mixing. Adding light makes things brighter. The opposite of mixing paint, where adding pigment makes things darker.
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LED Grids: Pixels from Light

Arrange LEDs in a grid and each one becomes a pixel. Click to paint on this 16x12 LED matrix. This is exactly how LED art panels and stadium screens work.

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Persistence of Vision

Your brain holds onto an image for about 1/16th of a second after it disappears. Flash images faster than that and they blur together into smooth motion. Adjust the speed to see individual frames merge into animation.

4 fps

At 4 fps you see distinct frames. Increase to see them blend.

Fun Fact

Movies run at 24 frames per second. TV runs at 30 or 60. VR headsets need 90+ fps to avoid motion sickness. Your brain is surprisingly picky about smoothness.

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LEDs Are Everywhere

The same RGB LED technology powers everything from your phone to Times Square.

Phone Screens

An OLED phone screen has individual LEDs for each pixel. Each one emits its own light, which is why OLED blacks are truly black (the pixel is just off).

LED Art Installations

Artists use addressable LED strips (like WS2812B) to create sculptures, wearables, and interactive installations. Each LED is individually programmable.

Stadium Displays

Giant LED boards at stadiums use the same RGB principle, just at massive scale. A single panel might have 50,000 LEDs, and a full display links hundreds of panels.

POV Displays

Spin a strip of LEDs fast enough and persistence of vision creates a floating image in mid-air. Used in clocks, advertising, and art installations.

Pixels = Width * Height. A 4K display = 3840 * 2160 = 8,294,400 pixels
Each pixel has 3 sub-pixels (R, G, B). So a 4K display has nearly 25 million individual LEDs.

Light Artist!

You've explored how tiny LEDs create color, form images on grids, and trick your eyes with persistence of vision. The same technology powers every screen you look at.

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Pixels Painted
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Colors Mixed
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Time Exploring

LEDs Emit Light

Unlike bulbs that heat a filament, LEDs convert electricity directly to light. They are tiny, efficient, and last tens of thousands of hours.

RGB Makes Every Color

Three LEDs (red, green, blue) at different brightnesses can produce any visible color. Your phone screen has millions of these RGB triplets.

Grids Make Images

Arrange LEDs in rows and columns and you have a display. Each LED is a pixel. More pixels = sharper image. A 4K TV has over 8 million pixels.

Your Eyes Can Be Tricked

Flash LEDs fast enough and your brain sees a continuous image. This persistence of vision is how spinning LED displays and movie screens work.

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