Layer by Layer: How 3D Printing Works
Every 3D print is built up from thin horizontal layers
Every 3D print is built up from thin horizontal layers
Before printing, software "slices" your 3D model into thin horizontal layers. Each layer is a 2D cross-section at that height. Drag the slider to slice through.
0.1mm layers = 200 layers per 20mm = smooth but slow
0.3mm layers = 67 layers per 20mm = fast but visible lines
A sphere at height h has radius r = √(R² - h²)
That's why middle layers are biggest!
Each layer isn't just a flat shape. Toggle the components to see how a layer is built up.
More walls = stronger outer shell. 2-3 walls is typical. Functional parts might use 4-5.
Watch the nozzle trace out a single layer in real-time. Walls first, then infill.
Clean edges require tracing the outline before filling. This prevents infill from showing through.
Dotted lines = nozzle moving without extruding. Good slicers minimize these to prevent stringing.
The pattern inside your print affects strength, weight, and time. Click to compare, then adjust density.
Gyroid and Honeycomb are favorites because they're equally strong in all directions. Lines/Rectilinear are faster but only strong along the line direction.
Drag to rotate the model and watch how it affects layers, time, and support needs.
Overhangs steeper than 45° from vertical usually need supports. Each layer can only extend so far over the previous one.
Parts are weakest perpendicular to layers. Orient so stress doesn't try to pull layers apart.
Fewer layers means faster prints. But sometimes you need height for strength or detail.
You've discovered how 3D printers turn digital models into physical objects - one layer at a time. Now go create something!
Software divides 3D models into horizontal layers - the shape at each height becomes a 2D path.
0.1mm layers are smooth but slow. 0.3mm is fast but shows visible lines.
Objects aren't solid - patterns like honeycomb provide strength with 80% less plastic.
The printer traces outlines (perimeters) first, then fills the inside.
Rotating a model changes layer count, print time, strength, and support needs.
Angles beyond 45° from vertical need temporary support structures.
Put your new knowledge into practice!